14  最佳推荐-lubridate包

该包属于tidyverse组成之一,用于日期和时间处理

library(tidyverse) # or library(lubridate)

14.1 基本用法

14.1.1 字符串转日期

ymd('20221221','2023-12-21','2023/2/21','20/2/21')

[1] "2022-12-21" "2023-12-21" "2023-02-21" "2020-02-21"

mdy('12212022','12212023','12/21/2023','2/21/20')

[1] "2022-12-21" "2023-12-21" "2023-12-21" "2020-02-21"

14.1.2 时间间隔

interval(ymd('2021-12-21'),ymd('20221221'))/years(1)

[1] 1

interval(ymd('2021-12-21'),ymd('20221221'))/months(3)

[1] 4

interval(ymd('2021-12-21'),ymd('20221221'))/weeks(1)

[1] 52.14286

interval(ymd('2021-12-21'),ymd('20221221'))/days(1)

[1] 365

14.1.3 年月提取

ymd('2021-12-21') %>% year()

[1] 2021

ymd('2021-12-21') %>% month()

[1] 12

ymd('2021-12-21') %>% week()

[1] 51

ymd('2021-12-21') %>% day()

[1] 21

14.1.4 日期运算

ymd('2021-12-21')+days(365)

[1] "2022-12-21"

ymd('2021-12-21')+weeks(52)

[1] "2022-12-20"

ymd('2021-12-21')+months(12)

[1] "2022-12-21"

ymd('2021-12-21')+years(1)

[1] "2022-12-21"

14.2 实战应用

14.2.1 年龄计算

HIS系统住院数据模拟，计算就诊年月周，就诊年龄，住院天数

data<-data.frame(id=1:6,birth_date=paste(2021,1,1:6,sep='-'),
                 admit_date=paste(2023,5:10,6:1,sep='-'),
                 disch_date=paste(2023,5:10,6:11,sep='-'))
data

data %>%
  mutate(birth_date=ymd(birth_date),
         admit_date=ymd(admit_date),
         disch_date=ymd(disch_date),
         age=interval(birth_date,admit_date)/years(1),
         los=interval(admit_date,disch_date)/days(1)) %>%
  mutate(year=year(admit_date),
         month=month(admit_date),
         week=week(admit_date))

14.3 基础包里的日期

c("%Y", "%y", "%m", "%B", "%b", "%d", "%A", "%a", "%H", "%I", "%M", "%S", "%p", 
  "%z", "%Z", "%j", "%U", "%W", "%c", "%x", "%X") %>%
  sapply(function(x){
    format(Sys.time(),x)
  }) %>% as.data.frame()